However, our results suggest that immune reconstitutions of B cells play important roles in the pathogenesis of chronic GVHD in both CBT and UBMT patientsbeing consistent to previous reports22, 23

However, our results suggest that immune reconstitutions of B cells play important roles in the pathogenesis of chronic GVHD in both CBT and UBMT patientsbeing consistent to previous reports22, 23. absolute cell number of naive CD4+ cell was significantly lower in patients with chronic GVHD. In addition, we found significant differences in absolute cell number of CD19+ cell, especially naive B cell between patients with and without chronic GVHD in both CBT and UBMT patients. Conclusion: These results suggest that differences of immune recovery between CBT and UBMT patients may exist even in patients surviving for more than 2 years and might be related to the development of chronic GVHD. strong class=”kwd-title” Key Words: Immune reconstitution, Cord blood transplantation, Unrelated bone marrow transplantation, Chronic GVHD Introduction Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) has improved the prognosis of the patients with hematologic malignancies. Advances of conditioning regimens and immunosuppressive therapy contribute to the improvement of the prognosis. In addition, the introduction of unrelated bone marrow transplantation (UBMT) and cord blood transplantation (CBT) increased the chance to receive allo-HCT. These progresses have led to the result that some patients survive for more than a decade. Concomitantly, there have increased various problems to disturb the quality of life of long-term survivors after allo-HCT1, 2. Chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is one of major problems for long-term survivors after allo-HCT, leading to reduced patient-reported quality of life and non-relapse mortality3-5. Risk factors for chronic GVHD include prior acute GVHD, CCNA1 donor peripheral blood stem-cell grafts, HLA disparity, female donors for male recipients, and recipient age6. Concerning the graft of allo-HCT, the incidence and severity of chronic GVHD are recently reported to be lower in CBT than UBMT patients7. Acute GVHD is thought to be mediated primarily by mature donor T cells in the allogeneic stem cell product. By contrast, chronic GVHD is now considered to be more complex immune reaction. Both donor-derived effector T and B cells contribute to the pathology of chronic GVHD8, 9. In addition, regulatory elements within T and B cell lineages play important roles in the development and maintenance of immune tolerance after allo-HCT10, 11. Several reports have shown that the differences in immune reconstitution exist between the patients who received cord blood and other hematopoietic stem cell sources. In CBT patients, delayed recovery of T Nipradilol cells has been reported, by contrast, B cell numbers were higher compared to the patients received HLA-matched sibling or unrelated peripheral blood stem cell transplantation12-14. However, the observation duration was up to 2 years post allo-HCT. The differences in immune reconstitution more than 2 years after allo-HCT between CBT and UBMT have not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the differences of immune reconstitution between CBT and UBMT patients, who survive for more than Nipradilol 2 years after allo-HCT without relapse of underlying disease, in relation to the development of chronic GVHD in our institute. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study design To determine whether the differences in immune reconstitution would exist between CBT and UBMT patients in long-survivors, we selected patients who had attended to our outpatient clinic for more than 2 years after allo-HCT and showed no symptoms of infections and relapse of underlying disease. Twenty-one patients who had received CBT (CBT group) and 20 patients who had received HLA-matched UBMT (UBMT group) from January 2002 to January 2014 were enrolled in this study. We collected peripheral blood for flow Nipradilol cytometric analysis to investigate immune reconstitution and clinical symptoms regarding allo-HCT at the time after allo-HCT described in duration in Table 1 after informed consent was given. We examined whether Nipradilol the differences in the immune reconstitution between CBT and UBMT patients who survive for more than 2 years after allo-HCT and any relations to the development of cGVHD could exist. This study was approved by the ethical committee of our institute. Table 1 Clinical data in the patients who had received cord blood transplantation (CBT) and unrelated bone marrow transplantation (UBMT) thead th align=”center” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ CBT hr / /th th align=”center” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ hr / /th th align=”center” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ hr / /th th align=”center” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ hr / /th th align=”center” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ hr / /th th align=”center” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ hr / /th th align=”center” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ hr / /th th align=”center” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ hr / /th th align=”center” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ hr / /th th Nipradilol align=”center” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ Disease /th th align=”center”.